Title in Fashion Style and Make Up

Article of clothing in the 1920s

Canadian Dwelling house Journal, 1920

Brazilian women salute Belgian monarchs on their inflow in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. 2 Oct 1920

A cartoon picturing French women's mode, c.1921

Lawn tennis player, Australia 1924

Western style in the 1920s underwent a modernization. For women, manner had connected to change abroad from the extravagant and restrictive styles of the Victorian and Edwardian periods, and towards looser clothing which revealed more than of the arms and legs, that had begun at least a decade prior with the ascent of hemlines to the ankle and the move from the Southward-bend corset to the columnar silhouette of the 1910s. Men also began to vesture less formal daily attire and athletic clothing or 'Sportswear' became a role of mainstream fashion for the first time. The 1920s are characterized by two distinct periods of manner: in the early office of the decade, change was slower, and there was more reluctance to wear the new, revealing popular styles. From 1925, the public more than passionately embraced the styles now typically associated with the Roaring Twenties. These styles continued to narrate fashion until the worldwide depression worsened in 1931.

Overview [edit]

Later on World War I, the United states of america entered a prosperous era and, as a result of its function in the state of war, came out onto the globe stage. Social customs and morals were relaxed in the optimism brought on by the end of the war and the booming of the stock market. Women were entering the workforce in record numbers. In the United States, at that place was the enactment of the 18th Amendment, or as many know it, Prohibition, in 1920. Prohibition stated that information technology would be illegal to sell and consume alcohol. This lasted until 1933, so it was a constant for the whole 1920s era. They instilled this "noble experiment" to reduce offense and corruption, solve social bug, reduce the taxation burden created by prisons and poorhouses, and ameliorate wellness and hygiene. The nationwide prohibition on booze was ignored past many resulting in speakeasies. Another important amendment in the Us was the 19th Subpoena, which gave women the right to vote. There was a revolution in nearly every sphere of human activity. Manner was no exception; women entered the workforce and earned the right to vote, and they felt liberated. Style trends became more accessible, masculine, and practical, creating the emergence of "The New Woman". Flappers was a pop proper name given to women of this fourth dimension because of what they wore. The constrictive corset, an essential undergarment to make the waist thinner, became a thing of the past.^[one]

The development of new fabrics and new ways of fastening clothing afflicted fashions of the 1920s. Natural fabrics such as cotton fiber and wool were the abundant fabrics of the decade. Silk was highly desired for its luxurious qualities, but the limited supply fabricated information technology expensive. In the belatedly 19th century, "artificial silk" was beginning made in France, from a solution of cellulose. After being patented in the United states of america, the showtime American institute began production of this new fabric, in 1910. This fiber became known as rayon. Rayon stockings became popular in the decade equally a substitute for silk stockings. Rayon was besides used in some undergarments. Many garments before the 1920s were fastened with buttons and lacing. However, during this decade, the evolution of metallic hooks and optics meant that there were easier means of fastening clothing. Hooks and eyes, buttons, zippers, and snaps were all used to fasten clothing.

Vastly improved production methods enabled manufacturers to easily produce article of clothing affordable by working families. The average person's fashion sense became more than sophisticated. Meanwhile, working-class women looked for modern forms of dress as they transitioned from rural to urban careers. Taking their cue from wealthier women, working women began wearing less expensive variations on the mean solar day suit, adopting a more modernistic await that seemed to accommodate their new, technologically focused careers as typists and telephone operators.^[2]

Although simple lines and minimal adornment reigned on the runways, the 1920s were not free of luxury. Expensive fabrics, including silk, velvet, and satin were favored by high-end designers, while department stores carried less expensive variations on those designs made of newly available synthetic fabrics. The employ of mannequins became widespread during the 1920s and served as a way to show shoppers how to combine and accessorize the new fashions. The modern fashion cycle, established in the 1920s, still dominates the industry today. Designers favored separates in new fabrics similar jersey that could be mixed and matched for piece of work and modern, informal, un-chaperoned social activities like attending films or the theater and machine rides.^[2]

Women's habiliment [edit]

Bellas Hess and Company annunciate detail, 1920

By early on 1920s, near women not dared to bob their hair, so they pinned up to look shorter. Mlle Cayet, Queen of Parisian Carnival, 1922

Between 1922 and 1923, the waistline dropped to the hips. The 1920s archetype tubular manner was built-in. Parisian fashion firm Madeleine-et-Madeleine design, January, 1922.

Paris prepare the mode trends for Europe and North America.^[three] The fashion for women was all about letting loose. Women wore dresses all twenty-four hours, every mean solar day. Day dresses had a drop waist, which was a chugalug around the low waist or hip and a skirt that hung anywhere from the ankle on upward to the knee, never above. Daywear had sleeves (long to mid-bicep) and a brim that was straight, pleated, hank hem, or tiered. Pilus was often bobbed, giving a boyish wait.^[four]

Vesture fashions changed with women'south changing roles in order, particularly with the idea of new fashion. Although society matrons of a certain age continued to wear bourgeois dresses, the sportswear worn by forward-looking and younger women became the greatest alter in mail service-war fashion. The tubular dresses of the 'teens had evolved into a like silhouette that now sported shorter skirts with pleats, gathers, or slits to allow motion. The most memorable fashion tendency of the Roaring Twenties was undoubtedly "the flapper" look. The flapper dress was functional and flattened the bust line rather than accentuating it.^[1]

The straight-line chemise topped by the close-fitting cloche hat became the uniform of the day. Women "bobbed", or cut, their hair short to fit under the pop hats, a radical move in the starting time, only standard by the end of the decade. Low-waisted dresses with fullness at the hemline immune women to literally kicking upwardly their heels in new dances like the Charleston. In 1925, "shift" type dresses with no waistline emerged. At the end of the decade, dresses were being worn with straight bodices and collars. Tucks at the bottom of the bodices were popular, as well equally knife-pleated skirts with a hem approximately one inch below the knee.^[5]

In the world of fine art, way was beingness influenced heavily by art movements such equally surrealism. Elsa Schiaparelli is one central Italian designer of this decade who was heavily influenced by the "beyond the real" fine art and incorporated it into her designs.

Proper attire for women was enforced for morning time, afternoon, and evening activities. In the early part of the decade, wealthy women were still expected to change from a morning to an afternoon dress. These afternoon or "tea gowns" were less course-fitting than evening gowns, featured long, flowing sleeves, and were adorned with sashes, bows, or artificial flowers at the waist. For evening wear the term "cocktail clothes" was invented in France for American clientele. With the "New Woman" besides came the "Drinking Adult female". The cocktail wearing apparel was styled with a matching chapeau, gloves, and shoes. What was so unique about the cocktail dress was that it could be worn not just at cocktail hours (six and 8pm), but past manipulating and styling the accessories correctly could be worn accordingly for any outcome from 3 pm to the late evening. Evening gowns were typically slightly longer than tea gowns, in satin or velvet, and embellished with beads, rhinestones, or fringe.^[ii]

Accessories [edit]

One of the key accessories in the 20s was the Cloche hat. "In 1926 Faddy stated 'The Bob Rules', just ix years after the influential dancer, Irene Castle, cut her hair. This trending topic inspired a 1920 curt story by F. Scott Fitzgerald, chosen Bernice Bobs Her Hair, and many editorials in Vogue throughout the decade."^{[half dozen]} The bob hairstyle matched perfectly with the loose and straight silhouette of the times. During this era Faddy gave credit to this new cut for the immense success of the chapeau business. New haircuts meant new styled hats, therefore at that place was a new craze for hats. The cloche lid and the bob were basically made for each other.

Jewelry was less conspicuous.^[vii] Jewelry was much less elaborate, and began using 'romantic', more than natural shapes. The Fine art Nouveau motion of 1890-1910 inspired well-nigh of the natural forms and geometric shapes of the jewelry during the 1920s. "Aesthetic clean lines were inspired by designs found in industrial machines. A key influence of this modernism was the influential Bauhaus movement, with its philosophy of course following function. Contrasting textures and colour were also in fashion. Examples of irresolute tastes in design were the utilize of diamonds being set against onyx or trans lucid vitrines and amethysts juxtaposed confronting opaque coral and jade."^[viii] Even though geometric shapes and cleaner shaped jewelry were at present a trend, one of the key pieces was the long rope pearl necklace. The long rope pearl necklace was a signature faux piece that was sold everywhere at the fourth dimension. Information technology was inexpensive and basic in a adult female'south wardrobe. "Although buffeted past cycles of boom, depression and war, jewelry design betwixt the 1920s and 1950s continued to be both innovative and glamorous. Sharp, geometric patterns celebrated the machine age, while exotic creations inspired by the Almost and Far E hinted that jewelry fashions were truly international."^[9]

Shoes were finally visible during the 1920s. Before, long garments covered up shoes, and so they weren't an important part of women'southward fashion. Now, shoes were seen by anybody and played an important part during the 1920s. Women had all kinds of shoes for all kinds of events. Everything from house shoes, walking shoes, dancing shoes, sporting shoes, to pond shoes. The shoe industry became an of import industry that transformed the way nosotros purchase shoes today. Shoes were fabricated in standard sizes perfect to order from style catalogs to the near boutique. In the start of the 1920s, Mary Janes were however popular from previous era, although they paved the mode for the invention of many other shoes. The T-strap heel was a variation of the Mary Jane, having the same base with the addition of a strap going around the heel and down to the top of the shoe that looked like a T. Likewise, "The bar shoe which fastened with a strap and a unmarried button became popular during the 1920s. It was worn with the new brusque skirts and was applied for their vigorous style of dancing."^[10]

The influence of jazz [edit]

"The Jazz Historic period", a term coined by F. Scott Fitzgerald, was a phrase used to correspond the mass popularity of jazz music during the 1920s.^[11] Both jazz music and dance marked the transition from the archaic societal values of the Victorian era to the arrival of a new youthful modernistic society. Jazz gained much of its popularity due to its perceived exoticism, from its Afro-American roots to its melodic and soulful rhythm. The music itself had quite an alluring event on the new youthful society and was considered to exist the pulse of the 1920s due to its spontaneity. With new music emerged new dancing. Jazz dances, such every bit the Charleston, replaced the irksome waltz. Paul Whitman popularized jazz dance. In fact, jazz music and trip the light fantastic are responsible for the origin of the iconic term "flapper", a group of new socially unconventional ladies. When dancers did the Charleston, the fast move of the anxiety and swaying of the arms resembled the flapping movements of a bird.^[xi] Jazz music sparked the need to dance, and dance sparked the demand for new clothing, particularly for women to easily trip the light fantastic toe without being constricted.

Dances such as the Charleston and the Blackness Lesser in particular created a demand for a revival in women's evening wear due to the dynamic and lively manner of these jazz dances. Dress and skirt hems became shorter in order to allow the trunk to movement more easily. In addition, decorative embellishments on dresses such equally fringe threads swung and jingled in sync with the movement of the body. Lastly, the use of glossy and ornate textiles mirrored light to the tempo of jazz music and dance.^[12] Jazz music and its perceived exotic nature had both a flamboyant influence on style while keeping both form and function in mind.

Jazz and its influence on fashion reached even further, with both jazz and dance motifs making their way onto textiles. These new fabric designs included uneven repetitions and linear geometric patterns. Many textile patterns produced in the United States likewise incorporated images of both jazz bands and people dancing to jazz.^[xiii] The print Rhapsody shows a material produced in 1925 representing a jazz band in a polka-dot like manner.^[fourteen] Not only did textiles take motifs of people dancing and playing jazz music, they included designs that were based on the overall rhythmic experience and sound of jazz music and dance.

The adolescent figure [edit]

Undergarments began to transform after World War I to conform to the ideals of a flatter breast and more adolescent figure. The female figure was liberated from the restrictive corset, and newly popular the adolescent await was achieved through the use of bust bodices. Some of the new pieces included chemises, thin camisoles, and cami-knickers, afterwards shortened to panties or knickers. These were primarily made from rayon and came in soft, low-cal colors in guild to be worn under semi-transparent fabrics.^[xv] Young flappers took to these styles of underwear due to the ability to motility more freely and the increased comfort when dancing to the loftier tempo jazz music. During the mid-1920s, all-in-i lingerie became popular.

For the first time in centuries, women'due south legs were seen with hemlines rising to the articulatio genus and dresses condign more fitted. A more masculine wait became popular, including flattened breasts and hips, short hairstyles such as the bob cut, Eton crop, and the Marcel wave. The fashion was seen equally expressing a bohemian and progressive outlook.

One of the starting time women to wear trousers, cutting her pilus short, and pass up the corset was Coco Chanel. Probably the most influential woman in fashion of the 20th century, Chanel did much to farther the emancipation and freedom of women's way.

Jean Patou, a new designer on the French scene, began making two-piece sweater and skirt outfits in luxurious wool jersey and had an instant hitting for his forenoon dresses and sports suits. American women embraced the clothes of the designer as perfect for their increasingly active lifestyles.

By the end of the 1920s, Elsa Schiaparelli stepped onto the stage to represent a younger generation. She combined the idea of classic pattern from the Greeks and Romans with the modern imperative for freedom of movement. Schiaparelli wrote that the aboriginal Greeks "gave to their goddesses... the serenity of perfection and the fabulous appearance of freedom." Her ain interpretation produced evening gowns of elegant simplicity. Departing from the chemise, her clothes returned to an awareness of the body beneath the evening gown.

Style gallery 1920–25

• 

  Summer sport suit, 1920.

• 

  Extra Elaine Hammerstein, 1921. The brow was usually covered in the 1920s, here by a hat reaching to the eyebrows.

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  Rolled stockings, 1922.

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  Robe de fashion, Lanvin, 1922.

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  Dress with a dropped waist and width at the hips, 1923.

• 

  Teenage girls in Minnesota wearing breeches and riding boots with men'south neckties, 1924.

• 

  By 1925, skirts ended just below the knee. Tunic-tops and sweaters reaching to the hips were popular.

Style gallery 1926–29

• 

  Actress Aileen Pringle wearing a cloche lid and boldly patterned coat, 1926.

• 

  Actress Alice Joyce in a straight apparel with a sheer beaded overdress, 1926.

• 

  A painting showing the mid-decade silhouette at its simplest: languid pose, bobbed hair, knee-length dress with dropped waist, 1926.

• 

  Woman with Umbrella, Ipolit Strâmbu, 1927. Designers used multiple hemlines (here, tiers of ruffles) to accustom the eye to longer skirts. This dress foreshadows the higher waist and feminine wait that spread to everyday style by the early 1930s.

• 

  Woman hiding a hip flask tucked in her garter belt during Prohibition, late 1920s.

• 

  May 1928, abdomen and curves. After many years of a "stovepipe" silhouette, "natural" curves were commencement to reappear.^[xvi]

• 

  Knee-length, pleated skirts and dropped waists were still popular as everyday wearing apparel in 1929, though Paris designers were already showing longer skirts and college waistlines.

• 

  Bridesmaids gowns of 1929 have knee-length underskirts and longer, sheer over skirts, foreshadowing the trend toward longer skirts. Minnesota, 1929.

Menswear [edit]

In menswear, there were two distinct periods in the 1920s. Throughout the decade, men wore short adapt jackets, the old long jackets being used merely for formal occasions. In the early 1920s, men'south manner was characterized by extremely high-waisted jackets, often worn with belts. Lapels on suit jackets were non very broad as they tended to be buttoned up loftier. This manner of jacket seems to have been greatly influenced by the uniforms worn by the military during the First Globe War. Trousers were relatively narrow and straight and they were worn rather short so that a human being'south socks oftentimes showed. Trousers also began to be worn cuffed at the bottom at this time.

Past 1925, wider trousers usually known as Oxford bags came into fashion, while conform jackets returned to a normal waist and lapels became wider and were often worn peaked. Loose-plumbing fixtures sleeves without a taper as well began to exist worn during this period. During the late 1920s, double-breasted vests, often worn with a single-breasted jacket, also became quite stylish. During the 1920s, men had a variety of sport clothes available to them, including sweaters and short trousers (usually known in American English as knickers). For formal occasions in the daytime, a morning conform was usually worn. For evening wear men preferred the brusque tuxedo to the tail glaze, which was now seen every bit rather sometime-fashioned and snobby.

Men's style also became less regimented and formal. Men favored short jackets with two or 3 buttons rather than jackets with long tailcoats too as pinstriped suits. Casual-wear for men often included knickers, brusk pants that came to the knee.^[i] The almost formal men'southward accommodate consisted of a black or midnight-blue worsted consume-tailed glaze trimmed with satin, and a pair of matching trousers, trimmed down the sides with wide braid or satin ribbon.^[17] A white bow tie, black silk summit hat, white gloves, patent leather Oxford shoes, a white silk handkerchief, and a white blossom boutonnière completed the outfit. The tuxedo vest could be blackness or white, just, dissimilar the obligatory full-dress white necktie, tuxedos ties were ever blackness. Men usually completed their tuxedo outfit with nonetheless accessories as the total-clothes suit, except that instead of top hats they would wear dark, dome-shaped hats chosen bowlers. Just like women, men had certain attire that was worn for certain events. Tuxedos were advisable attire at the theater, pocket-size dinner parties, entertaining in the home, and dining in a restaurant. During the early 1920s, about men'south dress shirts had, instead of a collar, a narrow neckband with a buttonhole in both the front and back. Past the mid-1920s, however, many men preferred shirts with fastened collars, which were softer and more comfortable than rigid, detachable collars.^[17]

Men's hats

Men's hats were usually worn depending on their class, with upper class citizens ordinarily wearing top hats or a homburg hat. Center-class men wore either a fedora, bowler lid, or a trilby hat. During the summer months, a harbinger boater was popular for upper class and middle-class men. Working-course men wore a standard newsboy cap or a apartment cap.

Style gallery

• 

  Publisher Edward Beale McLean wearing a 3-piece striped suit with a spread-neckband shirt, 1924.

• 

• 

  German aviators, one a prince, 1929.

Fashion influences and trends [edit]

During the 1920s, the notion of keeping up with fashion trends and expressing oneself through material goods seized middle-class Americans as never earlier. Purchasing new clothes, new appliances, new automobiles, new anything indicated ane's level of prosperity. Beingness considered former-fashioned, out-of-date, or—worse even so—unable to afford stylish new products was a fate many Americans went to great lengths to avoid.^[17]

For women, face up, figure, coiffure, posture, and grooming had get important fashion factors in addition to clothing. In particular, cosmetics became a major industry. Women did non feel ashamed for caring most their advent and it was a declaration of self-worth and vanity, hence why they no longer wanted to reach a natural wait. For evenings and events, the popular look was a smoky eye with long lashes, rosy cheeks and a bold lip. To emphasize the eyes, Kohl eyeliner became popular, and was the first fourth dimension they knew annihilation of eyeliner (data about Egyptian fashion was non discovered until later on in the 1920s). Women also started wearing foundation and using pressed powder. Also, with the invention of the hinge lipstick, lipstick was on the rise with bright colors and they applied their lipstick to reach a cupid'southward bow and "bee stung" look.

Glamour was at present an important fashion tendency due to the influence of the motion picture industry and the famous female picture show stars. Mode, at many social levels, was heavily influenced past the newly created, larger-than-life movie stars. For the beginning time in history, way influences and trends were coming from more than than ane source.^[five] Not dissimilar today, women and men of the 1920s looked to movie stars equally their fashion icons. Women and men wanted to emulate the styles of Hollywood stars such as Louise Brooks, Greta Garbo, Rudolph Valentino, and Clark Gable.^[1]

Piece of work wearing apparel [edit]

For working course women in the 1920s, tailored suits with a direct, curve less cut were popular. Throughout the decade, the lengths of skirts were ascent to the knee and and so to the ankle various times affecting the skirt style of tailored suits.^[18] Rayon, an artificial silk fabric, was most common for working-course women clothing.^[19]

For working-class men in the 1920s, suits were popular. Depending on the task title and flavour of the year, the arrange would change.^[20] These would have featured high lapels and were frequently made of thick wool material before the advent of central heating.^[21]

Children's fashion [edit]

Fashion for children started to become more stylish and comfortable in the 1920s. Clothes were fabricated out of cotton wool and wool rather than silk, lace, and velvet. Clothes were besides made more sturdy in order to withstand play. During previous decades, many layers were worn; however, during the 1920s, minimal layers became the new standard.^[22]

For girls, clothing became looser and shorter. Dresses and skirts were now knee length and loose fitting. Shoes were likewise made out of sail, making them lighter and easier to wear.^[22]

For boys, knee-length trousers were worn all year long and would be accompanied past ankle socks and canvas shoes. Pullovers and cardigans were besides worn when the weather became cooler.^[22]

• 

  Roller-skater, Mississippi, 1921.

• 

  Children's style, Germany, 1925.

See also [edit]

• Cosmetics in the 1920s
• Roaring Twenties
• Flapper
• Interwar period

Notes [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b c d} Marsha W. Manner Trends of the Twenties. July 1, 2008.
2. ^ ^{a b c} Fashion in the 1920s (Overview). Pop Culture Universe: Icons, Idols, Ideas. ABC-CLIO, 2011. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
3. ^ Mary Louise Roberts, "Samson and Delilah revisited: the politics of women's fashion in 1920s France". American Historical Review 98.3 (1993): 657-684.
4. ^ Steven Zdatny, "The Boyish Look and the Liberated Adult female: The Politics and Aesthetics of Women'southward Hairstyles." Fashion Theory 1.4 (1997): 367-397.
5. ^ ^{a b} Ballad Nolan. "Ladies Fashions of the 1920s". Retrieved December 24, 2012.
6. ^ "Vogue past the Decade". Vogue.
7. ^ Simon Bliss, "'L'intelligence de la parure': Notes on Jewelry Wearing in the 1920s." Manner Theory 20.1 (2016): 5-26.
8. ^ "1920s Jewellery Style and Inspiration". Winterson.
9. ^ "A history of jewellery". Victoria and Albert.
10. ^ Sancaktar, Asli. "An Assay of Shoe Within the Context of Social History of Way" (PDF).
11. ^ ^{a b} Langley, Susan (2005-09-28). Roaring '20s Fashions: Jazz. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing. ISBN9780764323195.
12. ^ Hannel, Susan L. (2005). "4 The Influence of American Jazz on Style". Twentieth-Century American Fashion. Dress, Trunk, Culture. doi:10.2752/9781847882837/tcaf0008. ISBN9781847882837.
13. ^ Hannel, Susan Fifty. (2002). The Africana craze in the Jazz Age : a comparison of French and American fashion, 1920-1940 / (Thesis). ^{[ permanent expressionless link ]}
14. ^ "Textile, Americana Impress: Rhapsody, 1925". Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum . Retrieved 2017-x-09 .
15. ^ Thornton, Zita (2011). Fashion for a Jazz Age. Chicago, IL: Lightner Publishing Corp. p. 39.
16. ^ "Dorsum to Dazzler". The Spirella Magazine. May 1928. p. 72.
17. ^ ^{a b c} Bob Batchelor. "Way in the 1920s". American Pop: Popular Civilization Decade by Decade, Volume 1: 1900–1929. Greenwood Printing, 2009. pp. 292-302.
18. ^ Vermont, Jens Hilke, University of. "Women'southward Clothing - 1920s - Wearable - Dating - Mural Alter Programme". www.uvm.edu . Retrieved 2016-xi-fifteen .
19. ^ "History of Womens Fashion - 1920 to 1929 | Glamourdaze". glamourdaze.com . Retrieved 2016-11-15 .
20. ^ "What Did Women & Men Article of clothing in the 1920s?". VintageDancer.com. 2013-06-21. Retrieved 2016-11-fifteen .
21. ^ "1920s Men'due south Style From Peaky Blinders To Gatsby". The Costume Rag. 2019-12-thirteen. Retrieved 2019-12-17 .
22. ^ ^{a b c} "1920 Children's Mode Facts". LoveToKnow . Retrieved 2016-x-17 .

Further reading [edit]

• Arnold, Janet: Patterns of Way 2: Englishwomen's Dresses and Their Structure C.1860–1940, Wace 1966, Macmillan 1972. Revised metric edition, Drama Books 1977. ISBN 0-89676-027-viii
• Black, J. Anderson, and Madge Garland, A History of Fashion, New York, Morrow, 1975
• Boucher, François: 20,000 Years of Style, Harry Abrams, 1966.
• Laver, James: The Curtailed History of Costume and Style, Abrams, 1979.
• Nunn, Joan: Fashion in Costume, 1200–2000, 2nd edition, A & C Black (Publishers) Ltd; Chicago: New Amsterdam Books, 2000. (Excerpts online at The Victorian Web)
• Russell, Douglas A. " Costume History and Mode" Stanford University, 1983.
• Steele, Valerie: Paris Manner: A Cultural History, Oxford University Printing, 1988, ISBN 0-19-504465-7
• Steele, Valerie: The Corset, Yale University Press, 2001
• The Spirella Magazine; MAY 1928
• Children's fashion of the 1920s

External links [edit]

• 1920s Fashion Plates of men, women, and children's manner from The Metropolitan Museum of Fine art Libraries
• Photographs from the 1920s taken by lensman, Henry Walker at the University of Houston Digital Library
• "1920s - 20th Century Fashion Drawing and Illustration". Style, Jewellery & Accessories. Victoria and Albert Museum. Archived from the original on 2011-01-08. Retrieved 2011-04-03 .

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